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GrammarJLPT N4

indicates completed intentional state

Expression

Definitions

1. has been done (with a focus on the resulting state)

This grammatical pattern combines the て-form of a verb with ある to indicate that a state exists as a result of a deliberate action done by someone. For example, it expresses that a window has been left open or a note has been written, implying intentionality behind the resulting state.

Grammar

Grammar lesson content not found for this point.

Example sentences

Sentence 1

I can see a name written here.

Sentence 2

Oh come on, the answer was already there the whole time!

Sentence 3

It's already written down.

Sentence 4

Why is the window left open? It's freezing!

Sentence 5

Wait, it's still locked? I can't get in.