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GrammarJLPT N1

without

Expression

Definitions

1. without

A phrase using the te-form of the verb meaning "to lose" or "to do without," used to express the idea that something cannot exist or function without a particular element. It often appears in constructions meaning "without ~ there is no ~."

Grammar

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Example sentences

Sentence 1

Without waves, the sea is just a mirror.

Sentence 2

Without traffic control, an intersection descends into chaos in no time.

Sentence 3

Without confirmed specs, development cannot begin.

Sentence 4

Without any light, this alley gets unsettling fast.

Sentence 5

System changes cannot be implemented without approval from your supervisor.